Intellectual disability
the definition
Intellectual disability is: a decrease in the average general intellectual performance that exists simultaneously with deficiencies in adaptive behavior that appear during the developmental period, which negatively affects the child’s educational performance.
- The term intellectual disability is used when a person has certain limitations in mental performance and skills such as: (communication, self care, Social skills) These limitations will make the child learn and develop more slowly than the average child
the date
1904: Martin Parr published the first book on intellectual disability, the first text to indicate that genetic factors play an important role in intellectual disability.
1912: The science of eugenics appeared. Scientists aimed to improve eugenics by isolating people with disabilities from society and establishing coercive laws.
1950: The nationwide Parents Movement began to provide assistance and support to parents.
1958: The first federal legislation was passed to provide funds for university training programs in special education.
1959: The American Association Manual used the term “ mentally retarded” instead of “mentally disordered.”
1979: The Center for Humanitarian Policy affirmed the rights of all people with disabilities to live in the community.
2004: Inclusion of all persons receiving special education in the general classroom in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
the reasons
The most common causes of intellectual disability are:
1-Genetic conditions.
2- Problems during pregnancy.
4- Problems at birth.
5-Health problems such as: (Measles-meningitis).
Symptoms
There are many signs of intellectual disability:
1- Sitting, crawling, or walking later than other children.
2- Delay in pronunciation and speech or difficulty speaking.
3- Difficulty remembering things.
4- Inability to realize purchasing skills such as: Pay for things.
5- Difficulty understanding social rules.
6- Difficulty seeing the consequences of actions.
7- Inability to solve problems.
8- Inability to think logically.
treatment
Assistance can be provided to people with intellectual disabilities as follows:
- Helping infants and young children through early intervention.
- Helping school-age children by providing individual education programs.