{"id":99381,"date":"2023-08-05T19:41:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-05T16:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/pica-disorder-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-and-other-developmental-disorders\/"},"modified":"2023-08-05T19:41:16","modified_gmt":"2023-08-05T16:41:16","slug":"pica-disorder-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-and-other-developmental-disorders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/en\/pica-disorder-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-and-other-developmental-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"Pica disorder in children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"99381\" class=\"elementor elementor-99381\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fa197f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3fa197f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d071ff4\" data-id=\"d071ff4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f60487 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f60487\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-1030x356.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78660\" alt=\"Pica Disorder In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Other Developmental Disorders\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-1030x356.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-500x173.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-700x242.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-768x266.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.abadc.com.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pica.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1997e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1997e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-954e0c3\" data-id=\"954e0c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-469a965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"469a965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Pica disorder in children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>introduction<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pica is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Developmental Disorders. Fifth edition (DSM-5) as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Continuous intake of non-food and non-nutritive substances over a period of not less than one month such as eating clay, pebbles, hair, paper, cloth, Or any other non-food item<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  The intake of these substances is not appropriate for the individual\u2019s developmental level<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eating behavior is not part of a culturally or socially supported practice<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  It may be present with other feeding and eating disorders<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The name \u201cpica\u201d in abnormal eating disorder goes back to the Latin word \u201cpica pica\u201d. It refers to the behavior of birds in collecting and ingesting a variety of materials, The term &#8220;pica&#8221; has been used in medical literature and clinical description to refer to an abnormal appetite for non-food substances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the eighteenth century, The names of affected individuals have been used to describe cases of abnormal eating disorder, Such as &#8220;wax eaters&#8221;, &#8220;garbage eaters&#8221;, &#8220;chalk eaters&#8221; and &#8220;pebble eaters&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is important to note that these ancient designations reflect the general concept of abnormal appetite for non-food items at the time, It reflects the historical dimension of the use of the term \u201cpica\u201d in medical literature. However, More specific and precise definitions are used according to recent editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Pica can be found in people of all ages and genders. However, It occurs most commonly in the following groups:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-Young children: Pica disorder may be common in young children who are developing normally and outgrow this stage in development over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2- Children with special needs: Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders suffer from pica disorder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3- Pregnant women: Some pregnant women may feel a strong desire to eat non-food items. This includes gravel or clay. It is believed that this strange feeling may be caused by a certain deficiency of vitamins or minerals in the body. In this case, it may be referred to as \u201cpica gravidarum.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4- People with psychological disorders or people who abuse narcotic substances: Both people with mental disorders or who abuse substances may have abnormal reactions to food and cravings for non-food items.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should be noted that these groups are not an exhaustive list. Anyone can suffer from pica, regardless of age or gender. Pica should be evaluated and diagnosed by a mental health professional or doctor to determine the causes and factors associated with this disorder and develop an appropriate treatment plan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the behavior occurs in the context of another psychiatric disorder or medical condition (such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, or pregnancy), It warrants sufficient independent clinical attention, It is suggested that the minimum age for diagnosis is two years. Whereas children between the ages of 18 months and two years, Licking non-food items and putting them in the mouth is common and is not considered pathological. This disorder may be mild or the results may be negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Etiology<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doctors still don&#8217;t know the specific cause of pica disorder. But they were able to identify some factors that may increase the risk of diagnosis, It may include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Cultural or learned behaviors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress or anxiety.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adverse circumstances during childhood, such as poverty or neglect, Especially when one or both parents are absent for any reason.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nutritional deficiency, People who show signs of pica disorder often suffer from mineral deficiencies. Such as iron, calcium and zinc deficiency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  People with certain mental health disorders, Such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having medical conditions, such as pregnancy and sickle cell anemia, It may be anemia, Which usually occurs due to iron deficiency, It is the underlying cause of pica disorder in pregnant women.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Health risks and complications associated with pica disorder<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pica disorder is considered a serious problem because it can lead to significant medical complications. It is determined by the nature and quantity of the substance ingested. Especially in the case of lead poisoning. Eating strange or unfamiliar substances, It may also lead to other poisonings that may threaten the individual&#8217;s life, Such as hyperpotassium concentration after eating burnt sulfur heads, Exposure to disease-causing agents through ingestion of contaminated materials poses a health risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eating some non-food items can lead to serious conditions, May include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">poisoning, like: Lead poisoning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parasitic infections: Such as (toxocariasis and Ascaris worms).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Occurrence of digestive system disorders such as: (Intestinal problems &#8211; constipation &#8211; ulcers &#8211; perforations &#8211; intestinal obstruction).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Dental problems occur, including: (Severe tooth erosion, tooth loss, and cracked teeth).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><b>How to diagnose<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no specific test to diagnose binge eating disorder (pica). Therefore, the doctor will diagnose the condition based on the medical history and several other factors, You should be honest with your doctor about the non-food items you have eaten. This helps the doctor make an accurate diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may be difficult for your doctor to determine if you have pica unless you tell them what you have taken. This also applies to children or adults with autism and other developmental disorders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The doctor may perform tests:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Evaluate the possibility of anemia and low zinc or iron levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stool samples, Which tests for gastrointestinal bleeding from damage resulting from the ingestion of non-food substances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Performing an X-ray or other imaging tests to evaluate bowel obstruction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  measuring lead levels; To find out whether the patient has lead poisoning or not.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tests to check for parasites or bacteria caused by eating dirt or other items.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Weight loss assessment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Nutritional deficiency testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>treatment<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your doctor will likely begin by treating any complications you acquired from eating non-food items. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  If you suffer from severe lead poisoning from ingesting parts of wall paint, Your doctor may prescribe chelation therapy, which is the use of chelation agents to remove heavy metals from the body. In this procedure, You&#8217;ll get medicine that sticks to the lead. This will allow you to excrete lead in your urine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This medicine can be taken orally, Or your doctor may prescribe intravenous medications for lead poisoning, Such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your doctor finds that your intake of these substances is due to nutritional imbalances, He may prescribe vitamin or mineral supplements for you. For example, It will be recommended to take iron supplements regularly if you are diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your doctor may also order a psychological evaluation to determine if you have obsessive-compulsive disorder or another psychological condition. Depending on your diagnosis, They may prescribe medications, non-pharmacological interventions, or both.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the person has pica disorder and has an intellectual disability or mental health condition, Medications to treat behavioral problems may help reduce or eliminate their desire to eat non-food items.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pica disorder in pregnant women may disappear on its own. The same goes for children as well, especially when they are taught the difference between edible and inedible items and things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As for children with intellectual disabilities (or those who suffer from other problems that interfere with learning), Elements that may cause problems must be removed from the environment, and they must be supervised. These are two very important things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><b>How can pica disorder be prevented?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Pica occurs unexpectedly; Therefore, there is no specific way to prevent the development of the disorder or reduce the risk of being diagnosed with it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What can be done regarding pica disorder is to ensure that you eat a balanced diet and do not have any deficiencies in essential vitamins or minerals. However, this does not completely prevent or reduce the risk of being diagnosed with pica; Because nutritional deficiency is not counted toward the diagnosis of the disorder, However, this may be important in general.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>the reviewer<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.poltekkes-kaltim.ac.id\/657\/1\/Diagnostic%20and%20statistical%20manual%20of%20mental%20disorders%20_%20DSM-5%20(%20PDFDrive.com%20).pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" ><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders _ DSM-5 (PDFDrive.com).pdf (poltekkes-kaltim.ac.id)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fasper.bg.ac.rs\/repo\/repo-data\/2018\/A-fatal-outcome-of-pica-an-unusual-case-of-delayed-mortality.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" ><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fatal outcome of pica: an unusual case of delayed asphyxia (bg.ac.rs)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autismspeaks.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pica-professionals-arabic.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" ><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pica-professionals-arabic.pdf (autismspeaks.org)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pica disorder in children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders introduction Pica is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Developmental Disorders. Fifth edition (DSM-5) as: Continuous intake of non-food and non-nutritive substances over a period of not less than one month such as eating clay, pebbles, hair, paper, cloth, Or any other non-food item The intake [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6068,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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